CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
CONVERSATION
HUMAN TRACES:
ETHIOPIA
HUMAN TRACES:
ETHIOPIA
THE BALANCE OF FACTS
THE BALANCE OF FACTS
THE BALANCE OF FACTS
THE BALANCE OF FACTS
DESTINATIONS
DESTINATIONS
The Dreamtime, or the Dreaming, portrays the Aboriginal beliefs in spiritual existence. According to the tribes that first settled down in the continent, the Dreaming's roots date all the way back to the very begging of the creation of the world. The meaning and ideology of the term is generally not so well-understood by non-indigenous people as it is referred to as part of the culture of one of the early nations, which differs from modern perceptions.
The Spirits were the creators of everything. They made the land and the seas, the rocks and the plants, the sky and the earth. They were the higher power and the Australian Aborigines spent their lifetimes honoring this power, which guided their path and shaped their way of thinking. Not only creators of everything, which could be seen as well as felt, the Spirits also gave the Aborigines the Dreaming.
The time when everything started existing according to the initial Australians, was called the Dreaming. This is the foundation of the continent's culture. The origin of the Dreaming goes way back - 65 000 years back in time to be exact. The Ancestors of the nation shaped the land, forming some parts of it as sacred. The Aborigines were very careful and overprotective of those places, strongly believing in their significance.
The Australian Aborigines are known to have believed that the world didn't have any shape and was therefore empty. Darkness dominated, and life was simply asleep, but this changed when the creation began happening. After the Dreaming and the influence of the Spirits, objects began taking shapes and came to be. They created the four elements: water, earth, air and fire, as well as all the planets, the Sun and the Moon. The Dreaming therefore is a continuous process, which never ended. It is a small cosmos on its own, unifying the past, present and the future into one.
The Australian Aborigines' home riches so many vivid areas of the continent, including Fraser Island, Tasmania, Palm Island, Groote Eylandt and Mornington Island. The Aborigines had very strong believes in relation to the powers of the land, claiming that they never owned it - it rather owned them. The only reason they were able to call it their home is because they were looking after it and the land was taking care of the people in return.
Equally important to the Dreaming was the tribes' understandings of the disappearance of the Spirits. There came a time, when the creators of everything vanished from sight. Some of them were thought to have started living in sacred places, which is why the Aborigines perceived their homeland to be so sacred. The ancestors of today's Australians used to believe that the creators started living in rocks, in water holes and some went up to the sky to guide the people from above and keep them safe. Others transformed completely, taking the forms of the rain, the lightnings and the thunderstorms so they could be part of peoples' life.
Among the hundred's different Aboriginal languages, there isn't a word to describe 'time', because to them this simply doesn't exist. Dreaming and Dreamtime are used to replace it and summarize the ideologies of the Aborigines about everything they knew, everything they could see, feel and experience. This is why the Dreaming has such a vivid, and overwhelming meaning and has survived the obstacles of time. For the past couple thousand years, the Dreaming has built a rich cultural heritage that can identify a whole nation.
Read more about the Land, its connection to people and the way it has been perceived from different generations in the very first print issue of ORIGIN. The Land Issue covers varied topics, most of which remain related to cultural aspects of the land and its importance.
A lot of people travel to explore places and learn about them which is the message that ORIGIN wants to spread. With traveling, however, comes certain responsibilities that we should all be aware of. Elephants riding has become a popular way to explore locations by land. People have been doing this as part of their trips, mostly to places such as Thailand, Nepal, Cambodia and other parts of Asia. It is a common thing to see in certain places in Africa as well. We investigated the activity to explain why it is wrong and riding elephants should be banned everywhere.
Our first print issue studies culture and traveling represented through the land. We explored various location around the globe and learned what makes the land so valuable, which nations cherish it and how it helps us establish an identity. Traveling is important to us but traveling responsibly and making an impact is what we feel proud to stand behind. This is why riding elephants as a way of amusement should be reconsidered.
Let’s talk about the details. Elephants are very caring and extremely intelligent animals. It is a well-known fact that they never forget anything. When kept in captivity instead of spending their life in the wild, elephants die younger. Unlike in other species, this is common for the gentle giants and is often a result for stress.
Many African cultures respect elephants, believing they symbolize strength, loyalty and power. However, power can be a very tender concept. Elephant used as a tourism tool suffer from great pain daily. Elephants can be hurt very severely from the weight of carrying people and a trainer on their backs. The reason for this is the design of their spines. They have sharp protrusions, extending upwards from their spine instead of having round spinal disks. The protrusions and the tissue that serves to protect them can be harmed easily from weight pressure. Once a damage to their spine has been made, there is no going back and sometimes the harm can be irreversible. While this can’t be physically seen, the harm that the chairs can do to the elephants’ skin is. It is often the case that the chairs and the weight on their back can damage the animal’s skin and cause pain to their body. The chair, called Howdah, that gets attached to their backs, rubs on their skin and can cause blisters, which can sometimes get infected.
The training that elephants are required to go through when in captivity sometimes adopts a traditional Thai ‘phajaan’ or ‘crush’ technique. Explaining the technique would compare it to the animals’ spirits constantly and continuously being broken by the means of torture and social isolation. This is done in order to tame them. Elephants are wild animals, this is their nature as they are born in such conditions. Making them safe and obedient around people requires them to go through such training. As horrible as it sounds, in some places young elephants are taken away from their mothers to be abused with nails, bull hooks and bamboo sticks to make them obey rules, given by people. The animals often lack sleep and are starved to become submissive.
Actions from such nature are cruel and harmful as the technique is used to crash the animals’ spirit. Once wild and free, elephants become a source of tourism and entertainment. Nobody, who cared about sustainable tourism should ever ride an elephant.
In a sense, elephants have a human soul. They socialise and feel everything – pain, happiness, grief, sadness etc. They spend their life building families and finding friends. The largest land animals are a gift from nature and it is our responsibility to take special care of them and make sure they live according to their nature. Many animals, who are kept in captivity, are forced to live in isolation and carry heavy loads all day long, which is a wrong way to treat them. Their strength and power shouldn’t be abused but treated gently and celebrated by people. Elephants require minimal care to stay happy and healthy, which comes from giving them freedom to behave naturally and socialise. It is our responsibility to be culturally aware while traveling and make sure to spread awareness about the problem.
You can read the rest of the article as published in the LAND issue.
BOLIVIAN LAND
Follow our footsteps to Bolivia to explore the culture, the terrain and the history of the fifth largest South American country
Words: Emily Georgieva
Photography: Roberto Nickson
19 February 2019
From Tupiza to La Paz valleys, Bolivia is a land that can offer something to everyone. Getting to Bolivia is relatively easy, but you need to be prepared if you ever plan on travelling there on an overnight bus. The nighttime temperatures can sometimes drop to below zero degrees Celsius. Make sure to wrap up.
The fifth largest country in South America has a lot of traditions that can be explored and culture that can be discovered. Some areas are very mysterious and not a lot is known about them. Those are a bit of virgin places with huge potential and represent a big part of the country's identity. It is interesting to know that some of the highest parts of Bolivia have once been part of the Incan Empire. This has influenced local's culture, which is symbol of who they are as a nation.
Once upon a time, after the country fought for independence, it was finally established in 1825 from the Spanish colonial rule. The capital, Sucre, is the birthplace of Bolivia's independence. But it took a lot longer for democracy to be accepted as a necessity. The country had some political difficulties but since the 1950's it is officially a democratic land.
Bolivians are creative people, and this shows in almost every aspect of their expression. The Bolivian architecture is known as Mestizo Baroque. There is a lot of the history reflected in this style of building. It is a combination between the locals' values and the Spanish colonizers, which is what gives it a religious influence.
Art is highly valued and often celebrated. Bolivians are known to have created a lot of paintings, pottery, sculptures and music. For a long while, however, there weren't any museums build in the country, but this is changing already. New art galleries have opened in Santa Cruz, as it is known to be an artistic city, and there are plans for more museums to open doors soon. From artists such as Arturo Borda to Euzman de Rojas and Marina Núñez del Prado, Bolivia has a lot to be proud of and has contributed greatly to the global art scene.
Bolivians know how to party. There are different carnivals held annually across the country. They are loud, colourful and very expressive. All of the festivals held there are different and unique in their own ways. There are Festivals of the Virgen de la Candoloria, All Saints' Day (Todos Santos), Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos) and the Carnival in Oruro just to name a few.
It is worth experiencing the local food. From the fresh juices to the rice dishes and the traditional Yungas coffee, the culinary scene in Bolivia is interesting. When shopping from the markets it is important to arm yourself with patience as long waits in lines can happen but be nice to the people selling food. It is usually home-grown and locally sourced, and the people work long hours for very little pay.
There is a lot to be see in the cities. The Bolivian Christ of Peace, known with the local name of The Cristo de Concordia is in Cochabamba and it is 34 meters tall. This makes it 4 meters taller than the statue in Rio, but must be taken into consideration that it was build and modelled after it. Away from the appeal of the city, you can escape to the jungles where you can see coral snakes or the Bluebeard bird, which only exists in Bolivia. The territory of Bolivia varies from rock formations to rivers, nectar bots and caves. You can go hiking in the Lake Titicaca - 3812 meters high, it opens to a must-see view.
Bolivia once had an ocean. This was in the times before the War of the Pacific took place. It used to be where Chile is now located. But this is not the only magic that happened there. Bolivia holds an estimated 50% - 70% of the planet's lithium. It is buried below the photogenic landscape of the sea fields of Solar de Uyuni, the world's largest salt flat, home of the pink flamingos.
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NOMADSofORIGIN is an independent annual publication with a focus on sustainable travelling and global cultural values. Each issue features interviews, engaging articles and photo guides, which take our nomadic readers through different destinations and introduce them to local people's perspectives.
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